Question 5
The diagram below is a chart showing the number of tobacco smokers per year. Study it and
answer questions 5(a) to 5(c).
(a)Find the mean of tobacco smokers from 1984 to 1988. [3 marks]
(b) State four factors that could be responsible for the increase in the number of tobacco smokers from 1984 to 1986. [4 marks]
(c) ) State four factors that could be responsible for the decline in the number of tobacco smokers from 1986 to 1988. [4 marks]
(d) Name four health challenges associated with tobacco smoking. [4 marks]
(e) Name the:
(i) organ;
(ii) system, [2 marks]
in humans that would be affected by tobacco smoking.
(iii) Mention three other structures associated with the organ named in 5(e)(i). [3 marksObservation
Many candidates scored low marks in 5(a), (b) and (c) due to errors in calculations. Many were able to answer
5(d) and 5(e) correctly.
The expected answers are:
(a) Mean of tobacco smokers from 1984 to 1988
Mean = Total number of tobacco smokers
Total number of years
= 2400 + 4000 + 5600 + 3200 + 1600
5
= 16,800
5
= 3,360
(b) Factors that could be responsible for the increase in the number of tobacco smokers from
1984 to 1988
- Ignorance/lack of awareness
- Addiction
- Advertisement/media
- Availability
- Affordability
- Youthful exuberance/self image
- Peer influence/ frustration/depression
(c) Factors that could be responsible for the decline in the number of tobacco smokers from
1984 to 1988
- Awareness/health education/campaign/enlightenment
- Behavioural change
- Cost/increased tariff
- Legislative influence/ban/heavy restriction on importation
- Perceived lower benefit
(d) Health challenges associated with tobacco smoking
- Low birth weight
- Respiratory infection/named
- Cancer/named
- Congenital abnormalities/named
- Heart diseases/named
(e) (i) Organ affected by tobacco smoking
Lungs
(ii) System affected by tobacco smoking
Respiratory
(iii) Structures associated with the lung
- Alveoli/Alveolus
- Trachea/ windpipe
- Bronchus/Bronchi
- Bronchioles