Observation

Majority of the candidates were able to state one function of the listed First Aid materials. Characteristics of a happy family and family life challenges were also easily provided. Some
candidates however lost vital marks to poor spellings.

The expected answers are:

 (a) Function of:
(i) iodine

• Stops bleeding from wound /cut
• Prevents contamination                                                                            
• Hydrogen peroxide
• Cleans/sanitizes/sterilizes wound
• aids healing                                                                                     

       (iii) Splint

• To support/align fractured limbs
• To promote/assist healing                                                                        

       (iv) Sling
To support dislocated/broken arm
To prevent further damages/complication                                                                                                                                                                                                   
       (v)   Gauze
To cover/dress wound
To prevent infection

  (b) (i) Characteristics of a happy family

• Mutual understanding
• Good communication
• Acceptability of responsibilities
• Enjoy good health
• Care for one another/respect one another
• Love one another/trust one another
• Obey rules and regulations/conform with norms and values of the family
• Resolving conflicts without a third party

   (ii)     Family life challenges

• Extra-marital affairs/promiscuity
• Availability of house help
• In-laws intrusion/interference
• Single parenthood
• Divorce
• Pre-marital affairs
• Economic constraint/poverty/unemployment      
• Bareness/inability to produce offspring
• Conflicts in values                                                                                   

(c)        Functions of mineral salts in humans
They

• are useful in the formation of bones/teeth
• regulate/enhance/facilitate chemical reactions
• enhance blood clotting
• are important in blood formation
• useful in production of thyroxin/named
• necessary for the utilization of iron in the blood
• regulate fluid balance/osmoregulation
• prevent deficiency disease/named                                         

  (d)      Causes of flood

• heavy rainfall
• overflowing of river
• poor drainage system
• improper refuse disposal/blocking the waterways
• building along river ways
• deforestation
• structural breakdown e.g. dams
• cyclone/storms/Tsunami