Observation

Most candidates were able to:

•  list four methods of transporting fresh concrete on site.
• List three components of a solid ground floor;
• State one function of an arch in wall construction.   

However, Majority of them were unable to state the function of cleat, head tree and prop.

The expected response to question 4 is as given below:
4.   (a) Functions of the following parts of a formwork:

• Cleat

 It keeps the side boards of formwork in position
(ii)     Head tree
It provides support to the soffit boards

• Prop

It provides vertical support to the head tree
(b)    Methods of Transporting Concrete on site:
-           The use of wheelbarrow to transport fresh concrete on head;
-           Using dumper or mechanical wheelbarrow;
-           Pumping fresh concrete through pipeline;
-           Carrying fresh concrete by head pan;
-           The use of hoisting apparatus such as crane, skip, etc.
(c)    Component of a Solid Ground Floor
(i)  Earth / laterite filling;
(ii)  Hardcore filling;
(iii) Concrete slab /oversite concrete;
(iv)  Floor finish (i. e., floor screed, floor tiles, etc);
(v)  Damp-proof membrane ( i.e. mastic asphalt, bitumen and other damp-
proofing  materials).                        

• Purpose of an arch in wall opening:

(i)  To support the load above the opening in a wall.
ii)  To bridge over the opening in a wall.
(iii) To enhance aesthetic effect.