Observation

Most candidates avoided this question. Few who attempted the question did not do well in it.

The expected answers are as follows: 

(a)(i)     Definition of epidemiology
- It is the study of incidence; distribution; determinants; and possible control of diseases; in a given population at a particular time.

(ii) Factors necessary for communicable diseases to occur

• Causative agent
• Susceptible host
• Transmission route/direct contact/airborne
• Absence of immunization/vaccination programme
• Poor environmental hygiene
• Poor personal hygiene

 (b)(i)    Roles of epidemiologist in the community

• They study/analyse the incidence of disease outbreak
• They study the distribution of disease outbreak
• They control spread of disease/by isolation/immunization programme
• They investigate cause of disease
• They make arrangement for sanitation/fumigation of community
• Identify and monitor people at risk

(ii)   Modes of spread of  the disease

• Droplets
• Air-borne
• Indirect/ articles serving as vehicles
• Direct contact

(iii)    Causative organisms likely to be involved in the spread of the disease

• Virus
• Bacteria
• Protozoa
• Fungi
• Correctly named                                            

  (iv) Ways of controlling the spread of disease

• Immunization/vaccination
• Health education/enlightenment
• Quarantine/isolation/maintain social distance
• Isolation
• Personal hygiene
• Environmental sanitation
• Use of nose mask
• Avoid sharing personal articles with other