Study the diagrams be/ow and use them to answer quesuons 4(a) and 4(b).

Fig. 1 b
(a) (i) Identify the structures illustrated in Fig 1 a and Fig. 1 b [2 marks]
(ii) Name the parts labeled, I, II, III and IV. [2 marks]
(iii)State one function each of the parts labeled I, II, III and IV. [ 4 marks]
(b) (i) In which region of the human body can the structure in Fig. 1 a be found? [ 1 mark]
(ii) State three differences between the two structures
illustrated in Fig. 1a and Fig.1b [3 marks]
(c) Name the four chambers of the heart [4 marks]
(d) State the function of each of the following:
(i)pulmonary artery;
(ii)pulmonary vein;
(iii)biscuspid valve;
(ivsemi-lunar valve. [ 4 marks]

This question was attempted by few candidates and candidates performance was poor. In part (a) (i) candidates identified the structures wrongly, in (a)(ii) candidates mixed up parts labelled in their answers, in (a) (iii) candidate stated wrong function of the parts labelled I, II, III and IV.
In part (b) (i) candidates could not mention region of the human body where the diagram can be found, in (b) (ii) candidates could not also state differences between the two structures thoracic vertebra and cervical vertebra. In part (c) candidates mentioned chambers of the heart. In part (d) candidates could not state the function of pulmonary artery, pulmonary vein, biscupid valve and semi-lunar valve.
The expected answers were as follows
(a) (i) Identification of the structures illustrated
fig 1a thoracic vertebra
Fig 1a cervical vertebra
(ii) Naming the parts labelled
I - neural spine
lI - transverse process
lII - neural canal
IV - centrum
(iii)Function of the parts labelled
Function of I
attachment of muscles to bones
Function of /I
attachment to the rib
Function of III
for the passage of spinal cord.
Function of IV
it fits into the intervertebral disc/provides rigidity to the bones.
(b)(i) Region of the human body in which the structure in fig la be found is the
Thoracic region
(ii) Differences between fig la and fig. lb

c) Naming the four chambers of the heart
Right atrium/auricle
left atrium/auricle
right ventricle
left ventricle
(d)Function of each of the following:
(i)pulmonary artery;
carries deoxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs
(ii)pulmonary vein;
carries oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart
(iii biscuspid valve;
prevent back flow of blood from left ventricle to atrium
(ivsemi-lunar valve.
prevents back flow of blood from aorta left ventricle/pulmonary
artery right ventricle.