This question was attempted by many candidates and their performance was very good.  In part (a)(i) candidates correctly named the equipment in the diagram labelled I as refuse van and II as dustbin and in (a)(ii) candidates also stated advantages and disadvantages of using the refuse van.  In part (b)(i) candidates correctly listed organisms that could be found in the dustbin if it is not covered and in hygienic practices that could be carried out with the dustbin.  In part (c) candidates correctly listed organisms that make use of the dustbin as the habitat, which in part (d) candidates correctly stated other methods that could be used in place of the refuse van and dustbin.

The expected answers are as follows:

1(a)(i)  EQUIPMENT LABELLED I

                        -  refuse van/vehicle/collection/disposal truck
         
                        DIAGRAM LABELLED II

                        waste/trash/dust bin/refuse bin/garbage can
      
                 (ii)  ADVANTAGES OF THE EQUIPMENT LABELLED I

• conveys large quantity of refuse at a time
• serves many homes/towns/communities
• provides job opportunity for people
• ensures easy disposal of content
• protects refuse from rain/wind/flies

                        DISADVANTAGES OF THE EQUIPMENT LABELLED I

•   very expensive to buy
•   cost of maintenance is very high
•   if exposed, refuse may litter roads/pollute environment/spread diseases  

 
            (b)(i)    ORGANISMS THAT COULD BE FOUND IN THE
EQUIPMENT LABELLED II IF NOT COVERED

                        -    cockroach
                        -    housefly
                        -    rat
                        -    millipede
                        -    earthworm
                        -    maggot
                        -    lizard
                        -    mosquito.

            (ii)    HYGIENIC PRACTICES THAT COULD BE CARRIED OUT WITH
                     EQUIPMENT LABELLED II

                        -     regular disposal of refuse
                        -     covering of the equipment/dust bin
                        -     regular washing of the equipment after refuse disposal
 
(c)      ORGANISATIONS THAT MAKE USE OF THE  EQUIPMENT                        LABELLED II

                        -      schools
                        -      hospitals
                        -      companies/industries/factories/government agencies/offices
                        -      religious centres
                        -      tourist centres/recreational centres
                         -     markets/shops
                         -     motor parks
                        -      restaurants           

(d)      OTHER METHODS THAT COULD BE USED IN PLACE OF
                       EQUIPMENT I AND II

                         -     burning
                        -      burying
                        -      use of incinerator
                        -      dumping at refuse site/pit.
                        -      recycling/processing