Question 9
a) (i) Name two minerals found in bones. [2marks]
(ii) Draw and label fully a thoracic vertebra. [5marks]
(iii) State two functions of the vertebral column. [2marks]
(b) State three ways of caring for the hair [3marks]
(c) State:
(i) three determinants of correct posture [3marks]
(ii) five factors that promote healthy living[5marks]
Observation
Many candidates did not attempt this question and few candidates that attempted it did fairly well. In part (a)(i) they well able to mention minerals found in bones. In part (a)(ii) majority of the candidates could not draw and label correctly a thoracic vertebra. In part (a)(iii) most could not state functions of the vertebral column. In part (b)they did well in it. In part (c) (i) & (ii)they did well in it.
However, the expected answers are as follows:
9. (a) (i) MINERALS FOUND IN THE BONES
- calcium
- phosphorus
- magnesium
(ii) A FULLY LABELLED THORACIC VERTEBRA
Labelling
I - neural arch
II - tuberculum facet
III - centrum
IV - capitulum facet
V - neural canal
VI - articular facet
VII - transverse process
VIII - neural spine
(iii) FUNCTIONS OF THE VERTEBRAL COLUMN
- supports the body weight
- protects the spinal cord
- provides attachment for the muscles
- allows slight movement
9(b) WAYS OF CARING FOR THE HAIR
- cutting the hair regularly
- regular combing/brushing
- regular washing
- by plaiting and weaving
- applying cream
- avoid sharing comb/brush
9(c) (i) DETERMINANTS OF CORRECT POSTURE
- exercise
- good nutrition/balanced diet
- correct habits of sitting, standing, walking, running/named
- correct ways of lifting of objects
- balance body weight evenly
(ii) FACTORS THAT PROMOTE HEALTHY LIVING
- sound sleep
- physical exercise
- adequate rest/relaxation
- balanced diet/maintenance of good body weight
- personal hygiene
- recreation
- regular medical check-up
- knowledge of what promotes healthy living
- availability of healthy facilities
- avoid drug abuse/named
- availability of healthy personnel/providers
- clean environment/sanitation