This  question was attempted by many candidates and their performance was fair.  In part (a) candidates could not correctly explain the following functions of the liver (i) deamination (ii) detoxification (iii) heat production.  In part (b) candidates correctly listed disorders of the liver.  In part (c) candidates could not correctly state examples method of infection, symptoms and methods of prevention tuberculosis disease.  In part (d) candidates correctly stated ways of ensuring a healthy respiratory system.

The expected answers were as follows.

2(a)      EXPLANATION OF THE FOLLOWING FUCNTIONS OF THE LIVER

• DEAMINATION:        

This is a process in which the liver coverts excess amino acid
     -        to glycogen
     -        to  Urea             
 

• DETOXI FICATION:

-  Conversion of poisonous substances
-  Into harmless substances,
-  For excretion

• HEAT PRODUCTION:          

Many chemical reactions take place in the liver, which results in production of heat, to be distributed in the body/blood                                                                     ‘          
     (b)   DISORDERS OF THE LIVER
            -           hepatitis
            -           cirrhosis of the liver
            -           gallstones
            -           jaundice
                                                                                                                                               

  (c)(i)  METHODS OF INFECTION
            -           by droplet infection
            -           breathing in dust infected sputum
            -           using feeding/drinking utensils with  an infected person
                                                                         
      (ii)  SYMPTOMS

• loss of appetite/inability to eat properly
• persistent cough
• inability to sleep/insomia
• profuse sweating at night
• emaciation/loss of weight
• blood in sputum
•  

 
 (iii)      METHODS OF PREVENTION

• vaccination with BCG (Bacillus Chalmette Guerin)
• isolate infected person
• avoid overcrowding/ live in a well ventilated rooms
• avoid sharing objects with infected person
• avoid kissing an infected person
• eat balanced diet.
• Avoid indiscriminate spitting

 (d)       WAYS OF ENSURING A HEALTHY RESPIRATIORY SYSTEM

• exercise regularly
• make conscious effort to take deep breath regularly
• avoid bad posture to make diaphragm and ribs cage work properly
• avoid breathing in polluted air/chemicals
• avoid cigarette/tobacco smoking