(a)        State five transmission routes by which disease-causing organisms enter the human body.                                                                                [5 marks]

(b) Give two examples of diseases for each transmission route stated in 2(a) above.         [10 marks]

(c) Explain the following terms:

• epidemic;                                                                               [2 marks]
• pandemic.                                                                               [2 marks]

(d) Give one example of pandemic disease.                                             [1 mark]

This question was attempted by few candidates and their performance in it was fair.

In part (a)(ii) some candidates mentioned mode of infection instead of transmission routes.   In part (c)(i) (ii) candidates mixed up the answers and stated wrongly that the term pandemic is applicable when diseases spread locally and endemic when the spread is global.

The expected answers were as follows:

1. Transmission routes by which disease-causing organisms enter the human body
2. Skin;
3. Mouth;   
4. Nose;
5. Genital;
6. Scratches and cuts;
7. Direct penetration;
8. Infected needles;
9. Eye.

                                                                                                
(c)        Explanation of terms:
            Epidemic
            This is an infectious disease, widely spread in a particular locality.
                                                          OR
sudden outbreak of an infectious disease which spreads through population/particular locality.

Pandemic
When a disease spreads through several countries/large part of the world.