Observation

This was a popular question and was attempted by most of the candidates.   The performance of the candidates who attempted it was quite good as they really understood its demands. However, some candidates did not do well in part (b) by mere listing of points. The candidates were expected to provide the following answers to the question.

1. It is a two chambered legislature, made up of the Lower and the Upper Houses.


2. 1. It allows for representation of special interests in the legislature.
   2. It acts as a check against dictatorial tendencies of a single chamber.
   3. It ensures thoroughness in the passage of bills/guarding against hasty passage of bills.
   4. It avails the nation the services of non-partisan, experienced, matured experts in the process of law making.
   5. Protection of minority interests:  It protects minority interests and allays the fear of domination by majority groups.
   6. Promotes efficiency in law making:  There is division of power/labour between the Upper and Lower Houses which leads to efficiency.
   7. In some countries, the Upper House performs judicial functions.
   8. It widens the base for political participation.  This ensures that more people are engaged in governance.
   9. It reduces the workload on a single legislative chamber/house.
   10. It promotes sense of belonging, justice and equality among the component units.