Question 5
- State two differences between weather and climate.
 - Name the instruments used in measuring the following weather elements:
 - sunshine;
 - rainfall;
 - cloud cover.
 - Explain how wind speed is measured and recorded.
 
The question was very popular among the candidates  and most of those who answered the question performed well. A few of the  candidates could not state two differences between weather and climate. The  expected differences were:
  -  weather shows the immediate state of the atmosphere while climate gives the  average condition of the atmosphere.
  - weather is the  condition of the atmosphere as experienced for a short period of time while  climate is the condition of the atmosphere as experienced over a long period of  time usually for over 35 years
  - weather description covers a relatively  small area while climate description covers  wide areas
  - weather descriptions cannot be generalized  while climatic descriptions can be generalized.
  -weather is dominated by one  element at a time while climate is dominated by several elements at a time
  -  weather changes frequently while climate changes after a long period of time
  -  all weather elements are considered and measured in the description of climate,    while only selected elements are  considered in weather description
  Most  of the candidates were able to state the instrument used for measuring  sunshine, rainfall and cloud cover.
  The  measurement of wind speed is carried out as outlined below:
  -measured  with anemometer
  -anemometer placed in open space
  -anemometer has four metal cups
  -the cups are fitted to metal arms                                        
  -a shaft is connecting the metal arm to a  meter
  -cups rotate freely on the vertical shaft
  -the stronger the wind the faster the  rotation
  -the number of rotations is indicated on  the meter to give the speed of the wind
  -measured in km/hour
  -measured in knot by marine professionals
  -measured  in aeronautical applications
  -the  observation is made twice a day
  -the  measurement is not so reliable because the cups/shaft continue to rotate after  the wind stops
  -recording takes place daily
  -usually between the hours of 9 am and 3  pm
  -recording  is done in a noted book
  -day of recording is stated
  -recording is signed by the observer