This question attracted a lot of candidates most of whom scored above average marks. Candidates were asked to define division of labour, outline any three merits of division of labour and classify the items listed above as land, labour, capital or entrepreneurial activities in the (a), (b) and (c) parts of the question respectively. Most of the candidates who attempted this question were able to define division of labour in the (a) part of the question, but few of the candidates were unable to outline the advantages of division of  labour and could not correctly classify the above listed items as land, labour, capital or entrepreneurial activities in the (b) and (c) parts of the question respectively.

Candidates were expected to answer thus:

(a)  Division of labour exists when a production process is broken down into smaller units such that each unit is handled by an individual, department, firm or country.

(b)

(i)   Increased output – When workers are assigned to different tasks with each task performed by a different worker, it facilitates increased performance and raises output.
(ii)   Saves time – Workers do not have to move around from one machine to the other thereby saving time. Work can easily be completed ahead of schedule.
(iii)  Shorter training/learning time – Since work done is routine, it takes shorter time to learn a job since it is broken down into simple operations.
(iv)  Cost reduction – It reduces cost because a set of tools can be bought and distributed among a group of workers instead of each worker buying the whole set. Workers can be assigned to operations relevant to their training and fields of specialization.
(v)   Greater skill – Through repetitive tasks, the worker becomes more skillful over time because practice makes perfect.
(vi) Maximum use of tools and machines – Workers keep to the tools they use leading to maximum use of tools instead of moving from one machine to the other.
(vii)It makes mechanization possible since machines can be designed to handle different stages of the production process.
(viii)Standardization of Products – The use of machines make standardization of products possible and faulty ones easily identified and rectified.
(ix)  It helps to reduce fatigue of the worker(s).

(c)

(i)       Land.
(ii)     Capital.                                
(iii)    Land.
(iv)    Labour.
(v)      Land.
(vi)    Capital.
(vii)   Labour.
(viii)  Entrepreneurial activity.
(ix)    Entrepreneurial activity.
(x)     Capital.
(xi)    Labour.
(xii)   Capital.