LIST OF SPECIMENS
Group I
Specimen A – Mature fresh eggs of catfish
Specimen B – Fresh egg of domestic fowl
(raw, with shell intact)
Specimen C – Picture/model/chart of uterus containing a foetus
Specimen D – Longitudinal section of ovary of Pride of Barbados flower
Specimen E – Leaf of Pride of Barbados
Specimen F – Panicum plant/Guinea grass (whole plant)
Specimen G – Cocoyam plant/Caladium plant (whole plant)
Specimen H – Corm of cocoyam
Specimen J – Dry humus in a beaker
Specimen K – Moist humus in a beaker
Specimen L – Ripe orange fruit (whole)
Specimen M – Longitudinal section of coconut fruit
Specimen N – Longitudinal section of fresh chilli pepper fruit
QUESTION 1
Study specimens A, B, C and D and answer questions 1(a) to 1(f).
- State three observable differences between specimens A and B. [3 marks]
- In the table below, use a tick (√ ) to indicate the appropriate modes of reproduction of the organism that possesses each of specimens A, B, and C. [6 marks]
Specimen |
Type of fertilization |
Reproductive Process |
||
Internal |
External |
Oviparous |
Viviparous |
|
A |
|
|
|
|
B |
|
|
|
|
C |
|
|
|
|
- (i) Name the Phylum/Division of the organisms that possess each of specimens A and D. [2 marks]
(ii) Name the Class of organisms that possess each of specimens A, B, C and D.
- State the biological function of specimen B to the organism that possesses it. [1 mark]
- Crack open specimen B and carefully empty its content into a Petri dish. Complete the table below by naming three observable features of specimen B and state one function each of the features named.
Three observable Features |
One function |
|
|
|
|
|
|
[6 marks]
- State one habitat each of the organisms that possess specimens A, B, and D. [3 marks]
Many candidates could not answer question 1(c)(i) and 1(c)(ii)correctly but were able to state the types fertilization in specimens A, B and C. Many candidates were able to recognize the types of eggs but were unable to classify the organisms that possess them into their correct phylum and class.
Some candidates could not get complete marks due to poor spelling errors and they could not state observable features based on what they could see, but instead gave theoretical answers.
Many candidates were able to provide concise answers to question 1(e) by identifying them but could not give the functions of the parts of an egg. In question 1(f), the question on habitat was taken for granted as many candidates did not give specific answers as required.
The expected answers are as follows:
(a) Observable differences between specimens A and B
A/Egg of catfish |
C/Egg of domestic fowl |
|
one/not numerous/few; |
|
shell present; |
|
relatively large; |
|
cream/white/peach/brown; |
|
single; |
|
oblong/oval; |
|
hard. |
(b) Table
Specimen |
Type of fertilization |
Reproductive process |
||
Internal |
External |
Oviparous |
Viviparous |
|
A |
|
√ |
√ |
|
B |
√ |
|
√ |
|
C |
√ |
|
|
√ |
(c) (i) Phylum of specimens A and D
A: Chordata;
D: Angiospermophyta/Angiospermatophyta/Magnoliophyta.
(ii) Class of specimens A to D
A: Osteichthyes/Pisces;
B: Aves;
C: Mammalia;
D: Dicotyledoneae/ Dicotyledonae /Magnoliopsida.
(d) Biological function of specimen B
Reproduction/production of offspring
(e) Table
Three observable features |
One function |
Shell |
Protection; |
Shell membrane/vitelline membrane |
Protection; |
Albumen/Egg white |
Source of food for embryo; |
Yolk |
Source of nutrients/food; |
Chalaza |
Holds the embryo at the centre of the egg/in place. |
(f) Habitat of specimens A, B and D
A: Pond/river/mud/estuarine/lake/any correctly named habitat;
B: House/garden/poultry/pen/farm/house;
D: Forest/garden/farmland/farm.