This was a straightforward question but not well attempted by candidates. Most of the candidate who attempted the question mixed up the contributions of Shehu Umar and that of El-Kanemi. This made them to score low marks. However, the candidates did very well in the
'b' part which made the overall performance to be average

In 'a' part, they were expected to' identify the following points:
(i)Umar suppressed Fulani monorities to stop further encroachment on his
Territory
(ii)He became sole ruler of Borno after killing Mai Ibrahim;
(iii)He appointed officials to help in the government and justice of Borno;
(iv)He maintained a cavalry within his army;
(v)He promoted the spread of Isiam, etc

In ‘b’ part, those who score high marks were able the state the following factors:
(i)Weak central administration;
(ii)Succession of weak ruler;
(iii)Threats by neighbouring towns e.g Wadal;
(iv)Loss of eastern trans- Saharan- trade route;
(v)The invasion by Rabeh Zubbair, etc.