This question was avoided by candidates especially the part on the life cycle of a Roundworm. Candidates could not state the effects of Roundworm infestation on the health of its host but recorded good performance in question 2(c).
The expected answers were:
(i) Life style of Roundworm
- the adult worm lives in the small intestine of the host;
- eggs are laid in the small intestine;
- and passed out within the faeces;
- eggs remain in damp soil/shallow water;
- food/fruits/vegetables become contaminated;
- if such toaster/food is taken;
- the egg hatches in the upper part of the small intestine;
- the larvae move through the villi, liver heart, mouth;
- they are swallowed;
- into the stomach where
- the larvae develops into an adult;
- the adult worm moves into the small intestine;
- male and female worms produce eggs.
Or
Correct diagram of the life cycle of Roundworm.
(ii) Effects of Round worm infestation
- Throat irritation, as larva moves through the Trachea;
- Loss of appetite;
- Anaemia/tiredness;
- Swollen limbs and cheeks;
- Abdominal pain;
- May lead to pneumonia;
- Emancuiation/loss of weight;
- Nausea/vomiting;
- Unusual disturbances/noise in abdomen.
(b) Control of Yellow fever
- Yellow fever inoculation;
- Patient should be quarantined;
- Proper/health education;
- Avoid blood transfusion from infected patient;
- Spraying rooms with insecticides;
- Cleaning bushes around houses;
- Use of insecticides treated nets;
- Getting rid of stagnant water/covering water surface s with oil/kerosene.
(c) Water borne diseases
- Cholera;
- Dysentery/diarrhoea;
- Typhoid fever;
- Schistosomiasis;
- Guinea worm/Dracunculus/medinensis.
