The diagram below illustrates the life cycle of hookworm. Study it and answer questions (a) to (c). State the stages labelled I to VI How does the worm get into the human body? State three symptoms of hookworm infestation.

observation

Most candidates performed poorly and could not state the stages labelled I - VI. Some of
them named parts of the body like leg, intestine and throat rather than naming the stages I - VI.
Only few candidates could correctly state how the worm enters the body or the symptoms of hookworm infestation, expected answers include:

Stages of Life cycle of Hook worm infestation
I. Eggs are shed in faeces;
I1. larvae develop in damp soil;
111 larvae penetrate skin;
IV. larvae:are carried to the lungs (in the blood stream);
V. larvae migrates to the throat;
VI. larvae migrates to the intestine.

The worm enters the body by direct penetration of skin/named part of the body by larvae.
Symptoms of Infestation
 Itching/pain in the skin;
 Pain in the intestine;
 Traces of blood in faeces;
 Patient becomes emaciated/anaemic/paleness in skin and mucus membrane;
 Presence of eggs in faeces.